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Iindlela ezinemvelo zokwenza iintsholongezeli zinobunzima ekugcineni kumgangatho, ikakhulu xa kufuna ukwenza izinto ezifana neplastic, iindlela zokubamba kunye neempahla. I-Isocyanates yisiseko esibaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwenza iintsholongezeli. I-Isocyanates zaziwa ngokuba zinezikhungo ze-N=C=O, kwaye zinobuchule buhlala bokukhokelela ekwenzekeni iintsholongezeli ngendlela efihlakeleyo eziphuculula iimpawu zomda wokugqibela wepolymer. Sicacasele indima ye-Isocyanates kwizikhungo zokwenza iintsholongezeli kunye nendlela zazifundisa ngazo.

Iimbenefiti ze-Isocyanates kwizikhungo zokwenza iintsholongezeli

I-Isocyanates inemiphambano ethile kumefu yokuqhuba. Enye yezibonelelo ezikhankanywayo kukuba zihlakaniphile nokuphuhlisa ngokuchaphazekileyo nokwenzela iindlela eziphathekayo phakathi kwezocyanate neemolekyuli ezinye. Le nkxalabo ibangela ukukhawuleza kumefu yokuhlanganisa okunokuvumela umkhiyala ukuphucula umgangatho nokubhekeka kwisikhathi sokusebenzisa. Zombini, i-isocyanates zingakwazi ukuthutha iinkcitho ezinezixhobo zomntu zomntu wokwenziwa (ubumfaza, ubunjingili nobulindeze bokungabangeli). Ngale ndlela, izinto ezizakhiwa zizakwazi ukuba ngamandla kunene kwaye azinzileyo ukusetyenziswa emidibanweni yonke.

Kwande... Isocyanate (MDI)  zakhiwa kakhulu ukulawula ukugcwalisa kweempolimara. Inani kunye nophando lwemveliso ye-isocyanates ingathintwa ukuze kusungulwe ixesha kunye nemini yomdla wokugcwalisa ngokulinganise neengxaki ezithile zombutho. Le mpawu emnqamlezweni wempolimerization inika umbutho indlela yokwenza umsebenzi owameleyo, kungaba iiplastics ezibhacane, iifowuni ezimbambisayo okanye iingubo ezigcweleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-isocyanates zikhethekile kwaye zinokulungiswa, ngoko ke zingabikwa njengezinto ezongezwayo ngendlela ekhokelela kumthetho ophakade kubantu abathengayo, kwaye zingakwazi ukwenza izinto ngokulinganise neentlanga ezidingayo.

Iindlela i-Isocyanates Zazinyathela Ngazo Iimpawu Zeempolimera

I-Isocyanates ibekisa inzululwane yezinto zomphakathi ngaphandle kokwenza kwazo ukuphakama kwegolide nokukhula kwezivuno. Kuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ubumfudamshaka be-Isocyanates. I-Isocyanates xa zifakwa kumahluko wemphakathi angasebenzi ekukhokeleleni ukubophelela kweenkcazelo zamphakathi nendizvo ezininzi, kwaye kube lula ukuba kuthunyelwe iintengiso ezipheleleyo okanye ezingavumelekanga kakhulu kwiingcinga zokusebenza. Oku kudingeka ngakumbi emva kweentengiso njengeentshixwayiso kunye neempahla apho ukubambeka kakhulu kuyimfuneko engezantsi ekugcineni nokusebenza.

Ngaphezu koko, i-isocyanates inokuthuthela ubuliti bempilo yezipolimera (thuthela ubuliti kumzimu ongumhla, iingcinga kunye neesolventi). Esi sihlobo esinikezwe ngubuliti bempilo bucinza inkqubo yezinto ezinokusetyenziswa ngazo iziphumo zepolimera kwaye kuvumela ukuba zipholiswe kumzimu ongcono kunoko. Inxenye ye-UV yezipolimera nayona inokuthuthwa ngosizo lwe-isocyanates ngokunika izipolimera, kepha ngobuchule obungcono beziphumo ezingaphandle njengezenzo ye-UV ekunika isiphelo esingekho kuzo ngexesha.

Lonke loo tert butyl isocyanate izinto ezifunekayo kakhulu ekupheleni kwempilo, ngamandla apho amandla akhangelelana, empilo, kunye nobuliti be-UV beziphumo ezimpawu. Ngexabiso kwiinkcukacha ze-isocyanates, iinkampani ezakha izimpawu enobumbane buyiya kwenza izimpawu enobumbane ukuze ifute zonke iindlela zezigaba neemercala.

Iingxaki Ezifundiswa Ngokuphindaphindwa Kwesisithixo Se-Isocyanate

I-Isocyanates yinto efunekayo kumshiningo wemiphuqo yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa, kukho iingxaki ezithile ezinokuthi ziyakwenzeka ngexesha le-isocyanate polymerization. Enye into engenziwa ngalo ingxaki yokuqala kumgca wesicwangciso okanye izaphulelo ezingcono. Ingxaki enye ngeleyo ndlela kukho kwezaphulelo ezingcono okanye izaphulelo ezingcono. Okunye kunazo kukuba kungaba nokuphulwa kwepolymerythiation ngoba umngcipheko unokukhula ngendlela esingazixhasengi kwaye ukwenza ukuba kubaluleke ukuyimfuna ipolymerythiation. Le ngxaki ingaba nobungozi buhlungu kumsebenzi nomsebenzi wophuhliso lwepolymerythiation, ngoko ke mboni ubunzima bokugcinwa kusimililo kanye nokugcina isikhathi sokurekhoda ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kufumaneka iimpawu ezifunekayo zepolymere ethile.

Ukuziphatha kuka-Isocyanates kwi-Polymerization Rate

Bane bane banentshi kakhulu kumqala ngokuba bazakhenxisa isivinini somqala. Oku kungaphantshwa ngokufakwa kwe-isocyanates eyayenza umqala ukongezeka kwisivinini ekwakhiwe ngayo i-polymers ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa, isivinini somqala kunokuchaphazela ngenkqu, igazi, nokukhokeleka kwezinto ezibhobhelayo. Iziparamitha ezi zinokutshintshwa ukuze zixhasase impendulo yomqala apho kuzakwenzeka into engeyiyo yokuphelelwa kwi-polymer. Kufuneka kugcinwe ubomi bomqala wama-isocyanates ukuze kubonakale ingqikithi eqhelekileyo yomqala nomthando wokuqeqesha i-polymer enobumbeko obuhle.

Ubume bomgangatho we-Isocyanates kumzabalazo wama-Polymers

I-Isocyanates yizinto ezinxulumene nezinye izinto ezingenanto zokusebenza njengoko zifuneka kuzo konke iindlela zokusebenzisa i-polymer. Zisebenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-polyurethanes ezenziwa zisebenziswe kumgangatho wokulungisa, umgangatho wemoto, nokwenza izinto zasekhaya. Isocyanate kunokwendiswa kwi-epoxy resins, kunye nezibini kwaye kumaglue. Oku kwakhela ukusebenzisa isocyanates ekwenzeni iimpahla ezahlukeneyo zemipolo yaye ngamaxesha amaninzi aphinde aphindwe kumapolo. Zinokuthi zifumane indawo eninzi yokusebenza. Ubusizo bokwaziyo ngeempawu kunye netekniki yokwenza kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi bomqondo nabathengi bangakha umnyango wemipholo ephuculeyayo kuwo wonke amandla okuphatha.